Codon Map/Freqency/Optimization
Codon map and codon freqnency
Followings are triplet, amino acid and codon frequencies for wheat (Triticum aestivum), human (Homo sapiens)and e-coli (Escherichia coli) in F/1000
| Triplet | Amino Acid | Wheat | Homo sapiens | E-coli |
| TTT | Phe(F) | 12.3 | 17.6 | 24.4 |
| TTC | Phe(F) | 24.8 | 20.3 | 13.9 |
| TTA | Leu(L) | 3.7 | 7.7 | 17.4 |
| TTG | Leu(L) | 12.1 | 12.9 | 12.9 |
| CTT | Leu(L) | 12.3 | 13.2 | 14.5 |
| CTC | Leu(L) | 27.4 | 19.6 | 9.5 |
| CTA | Leu(L) | 7.4 | 7.2 | 5.6 |
| CTG | Leu(L) | 22.3 | 39.6 | 37.4 |
| ATT | Ile(I) | 11.7 | 16.0 | 29.6 |
| ATC | Ile(I) | 24.3 | 20.8 | 19.4 |
| ATA | Ile(I) | 6.7 | 7.5 | 13.3 |
| ATG | Met(M), START | 24.3 | 22.0 | 23.7 |
| GTT | Val(V) | 14.3 | 11.0 | 21.6 |
| GTC | Val(V) | 21.3 | 14.5 | 13.1 |
| GTA | Val(V) | 5.3 | 7.1 | 13.1 |
| GTG | Val(V) | 25.0 | 28.1 | 19.9 |
| Amino Acid | Wheat | Homo sapiens | E-coli | |
| TCT | Ser(S) | 10.3 | 15.2 | 13.1 |
| TCC | Ser(S) | 18.0 | 17.7 | 9.7 |
| TCA | Ser(S) | 10.6 | 12.2 | 13.1 |
| TCG | Ser(S) | 10.7 | 4.4 | 8.2 |
| CCT | Pro(P) | 11.7 | 17.5 | 9.5 |
| CCC | Pro(P) | 14.6 | 19.8 | 6.2 |
| CCA | Pro(P) | 23.4 | 16.9 | 9.1 |
| CCG | Pro(P) | 16.4 | 6.9 | 14.5 |
| ACT | Thr(T) | 9.2 | 13.1 | 13.1 |
| ACC | Thr(T) | 19.1 | 18.9 | 18.9 |
| ACA | Thr(T) | 9.1 | 15.1 | 15.1 |
| ACG | Thr(T) | 9.7 | 6.1 | 13.6 |
| GCT | Ala(A) | 16.4 | 18.4 | 18.9 |
| GCC | Ala(A) | 32.7 | 27.7 | 21.6 |
| GCA | Ala(A) | 15.4 | 15.8 | 23.0 |
| GCG | Ala(A) | 22.2 | 7.4 | 21.1 |
| Amino Acid | Wheat | Homo sapiens | E-coli | |
| TAT | Tyr(Y) | 8.3 | 12.2 | 21.6 |
| TAC | Tyr(Y) | 20.6 | 15.3 | 11.7 |
| TAA | STOP | 0.6 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| TAG | STOP | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
| CAT | His(H) | 8.4 | 10.9 | 12.4 |
| CAC | His(H) | 13.8 | 15.1 | 7.3 |
| CAA | Gln(Q) | 42.2 | 12.3 | 14.4 |
| CAG | Gln(Q) | 38.2 | 34.2 | 26.7 |
| AAT | Asn(N) | 10.5 | 17.0 | 29.3 |
| AAC | Asn(N) | 21.4 | 19.1 | 20.3 |
| AAA | Lys(K) | 10.5 | 24.4 | 37.2 |
| AAG | Lys(K) | 37.6 | 31.9 | 15.3 |
| GAT | Asp(D) | 17.1 | 21.8 | 33.7 |
| GAC | Asp(D) | 29.0 | 25.1 | 17.9 |
| GAA | Glu(E) | 15.3 | 29.0 | 35.1 |
| GAG | Glu(E) | 38.2 | 39.6 | 19.4 |
| Amino Acid | Wheat | Homo sapiens | E-coli | |
| TGT | Cys(C) | 5.1 | 10.6 | 5.9 |
| TGC | Cys(C) | 13.6 | 12.6 | 5.5 |
| TGA | STOP | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.1 |
| TGG | Trp(W) | 12.0 | 13.2 | 13.4 |
| CGT | Arg(R) | 5.6 | 4.5 | 15.9 |
| CGC | Arg(R) | 12.8 | 10.4 | 14.0 |
| CGA | Arg(R) | 3.0 | 6.2 | 4.8 |
| CGG | Arg(R) | 8.9 | 11.4 | 7.9 |
| AGT | Ser(S) | 6.6 | 12.1 | 13.2 |
| AGC | Ser(S) | 16.6 | 19.5 | 14.3 |
| AGA | Arg(R) | 6.7 | 12.2 | 7.1 |
| AGG | Arg(R) | 13.0 | 12.0 | 4.0 |
| GGT | Gly(G) | 13.7 | 10.8 | 23.7 |
| GGC | Gly(G) | 31.1 | 22.2 | 20.6 |
| GGA | Gly(G) | 14.9 | 16.5 | 13.6 |
| GGG | Gly(G) | 17.9 | 16.5 | 12.3 |
Ref:
- Codon usage tabulated from the international DNA sequence databases: status for the year 2000. Nakamura, Y., Gojobori, T. and Ikemura, T. (2000) Nucl. Acids Res. 28, 292.
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum) : http://www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/cgi-bin/showcodon.cgi?species=4565
- Homo sapiens :http://www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/cgi-bin/showcodon.cgi?species=9606
- Escherichia coli: http://www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/cgi-bin/showcodon.cgi?species=37762
Codon Optimization Services
Codon optimization service are provided by various companies as services for gene synthesis.
- Eurofinsgenomics : GENEius
- Integrated DNA Technologies : Codon Optimization
- GenScript : OptimumGene